Throughout history, the family members of the 20th US president shared stories about his impressive career but avoided talking about his violent end. “We knew what had happened, that he was gunned down in a train station,” reflects one of his family members. “We studied the story in historical accounts but, somehow, we just skimmed through it.”
This changed in 2011 with the release of a presidential biography, which revived interest in Garfield's truncated career. The book has now inspired a streaming series titled the presidential series, starring an acclaimed actor as the president and another skilled actor as the unstable individual who gunned him down.
The series seeks to highlight Garfield, who emerged from difficult circumstances to the highest office during the historical period only to become a casualty to its toxic political divisions. His presidency was ended prematurely after only half a year not only by the assassin's bullet but by medical malpractice – an incident now largely forgotten while the deaths of the Civil War president and President Kennedy continue to captivate the public.
“It's impossible not to respect what he did. He was a true polymath: he was a attorney, he was a minister, he was a land worker. He was multiple professions which also formed his character and his behavior and everything that we know about him the descendants preserve with us.”
Garfield was the most recent commander-in-chief coming from pioneer roots in Ohio in 1831. His dad perished when he was very young, leaving his mom, Eliza, to support a large family in challenging conditions. An dedicated student, Garfield worked on canal boats to earn money for an schooling.
He studied law, was ordained as minister, became leader of an institution in Ohio and was a political representative. In 1858 he wed a previous schoolmate, his future wife, with whom he would have seven children. An dedicated federalist, Garfield viewed the civil war as a moral battle against forced servitude and progressed to the rank of major general.
“During my investigation, I couldn't believe it. He was remarkably smart. He was extremely courageous. He was ahead of his time for the era. He was caring. He was a good person and would have been an outstanding leader had he remained alive.”
Garfield was persuaded by the wartime leader to depart military life when he was chosen to the Congress, where he would serve as a party member for nearly two decades. He was strong supporter of racial equality in elections, viewing it as a issue of rights and the fulfillment of a wartime covenant.
“The address he delivered on the legislative arena will affect you emotionally. He was an impressive communicator and this issue was very important to him.”
At the 1880 Republican National Convention in Chicago the faction was sharply split between the “Stalwarts”, led by an influential figure, who supported a additional presidency for former president, and the “rival group”, who supported James G Blaine. Garfield attended as a supporter of his state colleague John Sherman.
When the 15,000-person convention was gridlocked between Grant and Blaine, party members began seeking a middle ground. Garfield's powerful oration proposing Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly shouted, “And now, delegates, what do we want?” to which a audience member unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the extended selection process, a wave of backers made Garfield the surprise nominee. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, the vice presidential pick, a faction member from New York, was chosen as his second in command. In the general election Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee to become the sole representative of the House ever to be chosen as leader.
“What would have made Garfield great and what is extremely rare and maybe particular about the American presidency is he didn't want the job. It's not that he had never thought about it but he was pushed toward it.”
The central struggle of Garfield's brief term was his clash with Conkling over the “patronage network”. Conkling required power over federal patronage in New York, particularly the prestigious role of Collector of the Port of New York. Garfield rejected, stating the issue was “if the commander-in-chief should be registering clerk of the senate or the presidential authority”. He proposed a rival of Conkling to the post.
The dispute turned into a visible struggle but Garfield outsmarted Conkling in the Senate. Confronting a public failure, Conkling and his associate quit Congress in protest. The next day, Garfield's nominee was confirmed. It was a historic triumph for the presidential control over the party machine and for the improvement efforts over “machine politics”.
But even as Garfield confronted influential people of his party, he was being pursued by a mentally unstable individual who represented the problematic element of the spoils network. The gunman was a drifter with a record of career disappointments, psychological problems and early life difficulties. He had failed as a legal professional, debt recovery agent, religious figure and member of a free-love commune.
“He was psychologically disturbed and his unique form of delusion was delusion. He always believed that religious calling for greatness. He actually had more privileged beginning than Garfield but where Garfield achieved and rose, Guiteau could not accomplish anything.”
But Guiteau believed he had at last discovered a pathway to success: politics. Carried away in the drama of the political contest, he prepared and gave an insignificant speech, and became convinced in his own mind that he was personally instrumental for Garfield's victory.
Under this logic, Guiteau determined he had merited a high-level government job. He travelled to Washington and continuously bothered Garfield, Blaine and other leaders, requiring to be made the US consul in Paris — a post for which he had inadequate skills. He became such a annoyance that he was eventually banned from the White House.
On that fateful day, just several weeks into his presidency, Garfield was departing the capital for his educational gathering. As he passed through the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad station, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, produced an handgun from his jacket and fired multiple rounds in the back.
Garfield shouted: “My God, what is this?” and dropped on the station floor. When a {police officer|law
Lena Voss is a tech enthusiast and freelance writer, passionate about demystifying complex innovations.